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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Chart of the Cost of a Soldier's Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Williams, Alan. 2002. The Knight and the Blast Furnace : a History of the Metallurgy of Armour in the Middle Ages &amp;amp; the Early Modern Period. Boston: Brill.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Le Livre de la Chasse</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;Gaston III Phoebus, Gaston III Phoebus. 1387. Gaston Phebus: Le Livre de La Chasse [from Avignon].</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Javelin&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Iron javelin-head. The throwing spear has a short triangular blade with angled shoulders, which is formed of a lozenge section and tanged.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Date: &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;12th C - 13th C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Provenance: &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Odziena, Latvia, Europe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials:&lt;/strong&gt; Iron&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dimensions:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Width: 2.00 - 19.50 millimetres, Height: 215 millimetres, Weight: 64.93 grammes&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Current Location:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1852-0329-492"&gt;The British Museum&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Identifier: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;1852,0329.492</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;How To Throw A Spear&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;YouTube&lt;/i&gt;. Videojug, 2012. &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mvxq_V0lBa8"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mvxq_V0lBa8&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Crossbow&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The cranequin, or winding device sitting on top of the crossbow, made it easier to span for reloading. With a full quiver, a container for bolts and arrows, a hunter could bring home plenty of meat.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Date: &lt;/strong&gt;1460-1470&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Provenance: &lt;/strong&gt;Germany&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Wood (walnut?), bone, horn, iron, steel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dimensions: &lt;/strong&gt;Overall: 87 cm (34 1/4 in.); Bow: 74.5 cm (29 5/16 in.); Butt: 4.2 cm (1 5/8 in.); Weight: 3.82 kg (8.42 lbs.)</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Current Location:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1916.1725"&gt;The Cleveland Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Identifier:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span&gt;1916.1725&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjYQEyC4m10.%C2%A0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Tod’s Workshop. “Tod of Todsstuff shoots a medieval 450lb cranequin hunting crossbow.” Youtube. September 24, 2013. Video, 1:55. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Tarassuk, Leonid, and Claude Blair. 1982. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms &amp;amp; Weapons. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;New York: Simon and Schuster.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;Pratt-Sturges, Rebekah. 2017. “Illuminating the Medieval Hunt: Power and Performance in Gaston Fébus' Le Livre de Chasse”. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Hauberk&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Mail armor was the predominant form of metal body defense for European knights until about 1350. The term derives from the Old French word maille (mesh), implying a protective textile. Each mail garment was constructed of small linked metal rings and "woven" for a specific part of the body. Mail for the torso is a hauberk and typically reached mid-thigh.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Date: &lt;/strong&gt;1400-1450 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Provenance: &lt;/strong&gt;Germany (?)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Steel, brass&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dimensions:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Overall: 76.2 cm (30 in.); Sleeves: 43.2 cm (17 in.); Weight: 11.1 kg (24.47 lbs.)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Current Location: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1923.1120"&gt;The Cleveland Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Identifier:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span&gt;1923.1120&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Williams, Alan. 2002. The Knight and the Blast Furnace : a History of the Metallurgy of Armour in the Middle Ages &amp;amp; the Early Modern Period. Boston: Brill.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;How To Make Chain Mail&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;YouTube&lt;/i&gt;. English Heritage, 2018. &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sw2UDtU2SgM"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sw2UDtU2SgM&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Barbute&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is a rare example of a type of helmet used from about 1350 to 1480. Its conical shape deflected glancing blows to the head. Italian chronicles refer to professional men-at-arms as barbuti. The word derives from the Italian barba, or beard, a reference to the hood of mail often attached to these early helmets. The row of small holes along the face opening and neck were for the attachment of the hood and lining.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Date: &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;1350–1420&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Provenance: &lt;/strong&gt;North Italy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials:&lt;/strong&gt; Iron&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dimensions:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Overall: 29 x 21 x 25 cm (11 7/16 x 8 1/4 x 9 13/16 in.); Sleeves: 43.2 cm (17 in.); Weight: 1.58 kg (3.48 lbs.)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Current Location:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1923.1065"&gt;The Cleveland Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Identifier:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span&gt;1923.1065&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tarassuk, Leonid, and Claude Blair. 1982. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms &amp;amp; Weapons. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;New York: Simon and Schuster.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Stiletto&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;Dagger, tapered square blade, iron cross guard, spiral wood grip, stone inlay.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Date: &lt;/strong&gt;Unknown, pre-1921, likely Late Middle Ages or Early Modern&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Provenance: &lt;/strong&gt;Venice, Italy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Iron, wood, stone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dimensions:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;34.2 x 5.4 x 2.4 cm (13 7/16 x 2 1/8 x 15/16 in.)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Current Location:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://collections.peabody.harvard.edu/objects/details/75877?ctx=d5aee4b6c9d9492d31ded07ce1c3709d359109a5&amp;amp;idx=54"&gt;Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Identifier:&lt;/strong&gt; 55-48-40/6705&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction to the Dagger - Showcasing HEMA&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;YouTube&lt;/i&gt;. Blood and Iron HEMA, 2017. &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74T6vjInps0"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74T6vjInps0.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;McNab, Chris. 2011. Knives and Swords. DK Publishing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Dagger&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This dagger would have once been twinned with a rapier, a long sword with a slender blade and elaborate hilt. The rapier and dagger combination was primarily designed for self-defence. The sixteenth-century rapier was both a slashing and stabbing weapon. Its accompanying dagger was used in the left hand for parrying and stabbing in close. The stiff slender blades of both were designed to pierce clothing rather than armour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The raper and dagger were also male fashion accessories worn at court, in procession and about town. They projected an image of honour based on social standing and, if necessary, defended it in one-on-one combat. The private duel was one consequence of the development of the rapier and dagger.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;New specialised fencing techniques were not welcomed by all. The conservative English defence expert, George Silver, felt a noble heritage of purpose-made war blades, clubs, flails and maces had been sacrificed at the altar of fashion as swords and daggers became faddish civilian accessories. ‘We like degenerate sonnes, have forsaken our forefathers vertues with their weapons.’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The intricate patterns of gold and silver wire on the surface of the pommel and knuckle guard is known as damascening. As the name implies, damascening originated in countries to the east of Europe, particularly Syria (Damascus), Persia, Egypt and Turkey. Imports of Islamic goods through Venice gave north Italian craftsmen plenty of inspiration when decorating anything from brass dishes to hand-warmers. The great Florentine sculptor and goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini described his ‘burning desire’ to try his hand at making daggers ‘engraved by iron tools with patterns of beautiful foliage, in the Turkish style, which were nicely filled in with gold’.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Date:&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;1560 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Provenance: &lt;/strong&gt;Italy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; Steel, gold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dimensions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Length: 47 cm, Width: 14.5 cm, Depth: 6.0 cm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Current Location:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;a href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O97664/dagger-unknown/"&gt;Victoria and Albert Museum&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Identifier: &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;M.65-1947&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;Rojas Donat, Luis. 2020. “The Duel in Medieval Western Mentality.” In &lt;em&gt;Ideology in the Middle Ages&lt;/em&gt;, 175–202. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/9781641892612-010"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1515/9781641892612-010&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Halberd&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The halberd was a staff weapon favoured by European infantries (foot soldiers) of the 1400s and 1500s for its versatility and deadly effect. The word halberd comes from the German words Halm (staff) and Barte (axe). The halberd is, in fact, an axe that served multiple functions: the axe blade was used for hacking, the spike for thrusting, and the beak for piercing plate armour or for pulling a knight from his saddle. The halberd was used by shock troops (those who led an attack) and by Swiss and German mercenaries. After about 1550, the halberd gradually became less functional. Its large blade provided space for coats of arms and insignia. By the late 1500s, the parade halberd had become a ceremonial weapon for palace guards.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Date:&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;1475-1500 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Provenance: &lt;/strong&gt;Germany (?)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; Steel, wood&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dimensions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Overall: 230.7 cm (90 13/16 in.); Blade: 21.9 cm (8 5/8 in.); Weight: 2.44 kg (5.38 lbs.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Current Location:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;a href="https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1916.1559"&gt;The Cleveland Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Identifier: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;1916.1559</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EaMNYH5493M"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Changing of the Swiss Guards at The Vatican&lt;/i&gt;. YouTube, 2009. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6fLmOkHDek"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Swiss Guard Teaches the Art of Holding a Halberd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6fLmOkHDek"&gt;. YouTube, 2017.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Category:Halberds in Heraldry.” Wikimedia Commons. Accessed May 7, 2022. &lt;a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Halberds_in_heraldry"&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Halberds_in_heraldry&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Sacred Sword of the Kings of France&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;The coronation sword of the kings of France entered the Louvre during the French Revolution along with the other ceremonial instruments, previously kept in the treasury of the Abbey of Saint-Denis. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The sword is composed of very diverse elements. Both sides of the pommel are adorned with a repoussé decoration representing birds confronting each other, similar to the Scandinavian ornaments of the 10th and 11th centuries. The two quillons represent stylized winged dragons that can be dated to the 12th century. The gold rocket, covered with a network of lozenges, seems to date from the 13th or 14th century. The scabbard is composed of a long case, embroidered with fleur-de-lis, which was added for the coronation of Charles X in 1825. The oldest elements of this scabbard are, on the one hand, the large plate decorated with stones mounted in filigree battens, characteristic of the second half of the 13th century and, on the other hand, the buckle and its buckle-plate. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Very modified, the sword nevertheless remains a testimony to the sumptuousness of the instruments of the coronation of the kings of France. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Translated from French through Google Translate)</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Date: &lt;/strong&gt;1000-1100 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Provenance: &lt;/strong&gt;France&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials:&lt;/strong&gt; Gold, steel, lapis lazuli &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dimensions:&lt;/strong&gt; Height: 100.5 cm; Width: 22.6 cm; Weight: 1150 g</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="209">
                <text>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Current Location:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010113394"&gt;The Louvre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Identifier:&lt;/strong&gt; MS 84&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://test-learnermedia.pantheonsite.io/series/art-through-time-a-global-view/ceremony-and-society/coronation-sword-and-scabbard-of-the-kings-of-france/.%C2%A0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;“Art: Coronation Sword and Scabbard of the Kings of France.” Annenberg Learner, September 24, 2019.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42lBjrzTXj8."&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jeanne La Pucelle&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Great Monarchist Movie Scenes: Coronation of Charles VII of France&lt;/i&gt;, 1994.&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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